A cost-effective selective breeding method aimed at improving farmed Atlantic salmon’s resistance to the persistent challenge of sea lice is being developed by a Scottish research consortium.
Led by Smaragda Tsairidou and Ross Houston, a professor at the University of Edinburgh’s Roslin Institute, the project is using genetic data to create a novel technique for identifying salmon with enhanced natural resistance to sea lice.
The researchers worked in collaboration with Hendrix Genetics and the University of Stirling‘s Institute of Aquaculture as part of a project supported by the Scottish Aquaculture Innovation Centre (SAIC). Announcing the research initiative, SAIC explained that by using a scientific technique called “genotype imputation,” the researchers have developed a lower-cost method that could make the process feasible for more breeders and producers.
Typically, selective breeding using genomic tools has been conducted by gathering information on tens of thousands of DNA sequences, or genetic markers, which can be expensive in traditional aquaculture settings. The new approach, meanwhile, uses a smaller number of genetic markers to predict the resistance of salmon to sea lice. It looks for variations at specific positions in the genes of fish that indicate how it will respond to parasites and disease, allowing breeders to select parent fish with better resistance.
Similar techniques have been used successfully in livestock breeding programs and could be effective in other aquaculture species, including shrimp and tilapia, SAIC said.
It also believes that the process could be used as a preventative measure to improve other key health traits, including resistance to gill disease.
“Sea lice is one of the costliest health-related problems for the global salmon industry and can have a wide-scale impact on salmon health and welfare. In this study we used low density genetic markers to predict the resistance of salmon to sea lice. This is potentially a more cost-efficient way of breeding salmon with improved resistance to parasites and other diseases, helping to improve animal welfare and production,” Houston said.
SAIC Aquaculture Innovation Manager Caroline Griffin added that collaborative research projects are crucial for finding new methods for enhancing fish health and wellbeing, while also supporting the future sustainability of the industry.
“Sea lice continues to be a prominent challenge for the sector worldwide and developing cost-effective, data-led techniques for future breeding could transform the ways in which we manage and treat sea lice on fish farms,” she said.
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